The heating, cooling and ventilation systems are defined by the abbreviation HVAC consisting of the initials Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning. Applications of these systems are called HVAC automation.
HVAC automation is configured according to the mechanical system to be controlled. Therefore, it would be correct to examine HVAC automation according to the systems to be checked.
These are the systems where heating/cooling and ventilation devices serve a part or all of the facility from a central point. Initial purchase costs are high, but total purchase cost is low and energy efficiency is quite high. They are suitable for green building applications, use of renewable energy sources, and energy recovery systems. Maintenance and operation is performed from the central point and by experts. Although they have independent departments such as schools, hospitals and airports, they are preferred in the buildings operated by a single corporation.
The central systems consist of Heating boilers (Burner), Cooling groups (Chiller), Air conditioning units (AHU) and circulation pumps serving them. These units are monitored and controlled through centralized management software.
If a separate control is required in independent areas, devices and systems such as Fan-Coil units, VAV devices, radiator, floor heating can be used. For the control of these devices and systems, it is possible to control these sensors and thermostats through the central software as well as with the sensors and thermostats in each independent area.
These are the systems where each of the heating/cooling and ventilation devices is installed and serves independently. Initial purchase costs are low, and in the cases where independent areas are sold and/or leased, the purchase of the relevant system can be charged to the owner/tenant of the independent area. Total purchase costs are quite high. Energy efficiency is low. They are not suitable for green building applications, the use of renewable energy sources, and energy recovery systems. Maintenance and operation are charged to the owners/tenants of the independent areas. They are preferred in the buildings where each independent section is owned/leased by a separate person such as housing, office, shopping mall.
The heating/cooling and ventilation equipment is installed separately for each independent area. They are controlled locally with thermostats placed in the independent areas. Generally, a central automation is not applied, but if desired, all devices can be collected under a central automation system and monitored and controlled.
Although separate devices are used for each independent area, they are also the systems with central heating/cooling and ventilation devices serving such devices. The initial purchase cost is high, but the purchase of devices to be used in the independent areas can be charged to the owner/tenant of the relevant area. Total purchasing costs are low and energy efficiency is quite high. They are highly suitable for green building applications, the use of renewable energy sources, and energy recovery systems. Maintenance and operation should be carried out by expert operation teams for the central devices, but if desired, the independent areas can be charged to the owners/tenants of the independent areas. Green building is preferred in the buildings such as residential buildings, offices, shopping malls, which are sensitive about energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy resources.
Heating/cooling and ventilation are carried out by thermostats placed in the relevant area by the devices belonging to each independent area. Central devices are installed as auxiliary systems to these systems. It is monitored by the central automation system in the thermostats located in independent areas together with central devices for the operation of the system as a whole.
